中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
德国政府确定新防长人选******
新华社北京1月18日电 德国总理朔尔茨17日确认，鲍里斯·皮斯托留斯将出任国防部长，接替前一天辞职的克里斯蒂娜·兰布雷希特。
在乌克兰危机持续、西方盟友施压德国向乌克兰提供“豹”式主战坦克的背景下，皮斯托留斯履新面临挑战。
恰当人选
朔尔茨17日宣布，下萨克森州内政部长皮斯托留斯将出任防长，他是执掌这一关键部门的“恰当人选”。
朔尔茨说，皮斯托留斯是一名“非常杰出的政治家”，拥有丰富行政经验，多年来参与制定安全政策。“他有能力、魄力和气度，正是领导军队渡过这个变革时期的恰当人选。”
德新社等媒体报道，这项任命“令人意外”，皮斯托留斯并非这一职位候选人中的领跑者。在联邦内阁中，防长一职“不好干”，终结了不少人的政治生涯。不过，皮斯托留斯现年62岁，这对他而言可能不是问题。
皮斯托留斯法学专业出身，上世纪90年代步入政坛前做过律师。他曾出任下萨克森州奥斯纳布吕克市长，2013年起出任州内政部长，与朔尔茨同属社会民主党。
兰布雷希特16日辞职以前，朔尔茨内阁的16名部长为“8男8女”，而皮斯托留斯这名男性防长上任将打破内阁的性别平衡。暂时不清楚朔尔茨是否会按照2021年竞选时的承诺，继续保持内阁“性别平等”。
德国副总理兼经济和气候保护部长、绿党联席主席罗伯特·哈贝克17日早些时候说，他希望朔尔茨能够履行诺言。
社民党、绿党及自由民主党2021年12月达成联合组阁协议。
应对难题
德国政府发言人斯特芬·黑贝施特赖特说，皮斯托留斯定于19日宣誓就任。
德新社报道，皮斯托留斯一上任就将应对向乌克兰提供军事援助的敏感议题，还将推动德军武器和装备现代化升级。
俄罗斯去年2月对乌克兰发起特别军事行动后，朔尔茨宣布设立1000亿欧元防务专项资金，用于德军武器和装备现代化升级。这项计划在兰布雷希特担任防长期间未能顺利推进，如今落在皮斯托留斯肩上。
英国政府14日宣布，将在数周内向乌克兰提供14辆英制“挑战者2”式主战坦克及其他武器。法新社等媒体报道，英国是首个向乌克兰提供西方制造主战坦克的国家。
朔尔茨政府正在权衡是否向乌克兰提供德制“豹”式坦克，德国政坛就是否向乌方提供这种重型武器仍有分歧。朔尔茨认为，德国不应单独向乌克兰提供重型武器，他会同北大西洋公约组织盟友协商。不过，乌克兰和一些西方盟友近期就此向德国施压。
波兰总统安杰伊·杜达17日出席世界经济论坛一场讨论时说：“我们希望并且正在争取为乌克兰赢得更多支持。我们希望一些伙伴、盟友向乌克兰提供坦克。”
杜达11日说，波兰打算向乌克兰提供“豹”式主战坦克。不过，“豹”式坦克由德国制造，波方需要获得德方同意才能交付给乌方。(包雪琳)
(来源：新华网)
