美联储距离结束加息还有多远?******
(经济观察)美联储距离结束加息还有多远?
中新社北京2月2日电 (记者 夏宾)在市场意料之中,美联储2023年首次议息会议决定继续加息25个基点,这是美联储自去年3月以来连续第八次加息,但加息幅度已经回落,目前利率水平创下2007年10月以来的最高值。
从美联储发表的声明来看,在经济预期方面,对于通胀程度表述大幅修改,显示美国通胀压力正在得到缓解,将此前的“通胀仍然居高不下”的措辞改为“通胀有所缓和,但仍处于高位”,疫情及乌克兰危机对于通胀压力的影响趋弱。
在货币政策立场方面,美联储表示“持续提高目标区间将是适当的”以及“在确定目标区间未来增长时,委员会将考虑货币政策的累积收紧、货币政策影响经济活动和通货膨胀的滞后性以及经济和金融发展”。
换言之,美联储会继续高度关注通胀风险,预计仍将上调利率。
中信证券首席经济学家明明表示,从美联储主席鲍威尔的会后发言来看,并不认为现在是暂停加息的时候。通胀需要一定时间才能回落,因此需要在更长时间内保持较高利率。
民生银行首席经济学家温彬也提到,鲍威尔对外释放的信号是,美联储正处于反通胀的早期阶段,取得胜利需要时间。不过他也强调,美联储没有动力也不想过度收紧利率。
工银国际首席经济学家程实表示,从美联储的角度来看,尽管整体通胀和核心通胀持续回落让美联储的决策者压力有所减轻,但目前通胀预期的回落仍处于下行通道早期阶段。短期通胀预期受季节性和能源因素的影响非常显著,如果季节性因素对能源和粮食价格的影响退去,通胀预期存在快速反弹的风险。
就目前情况而言,美联储距离结束加息还有多远?“我们预计美联储今年还会加息一到两次,然后随着实际利率开始上升,直至超过美联储预计的适当水平,加息将暂停。一旦加息周期结束,我们预计美联储会按下暂停键,并观察经济状况以决定宽松周期是否合适。”威灵顿投资管理宏观策略师圣地亚哥·米兰说。
谈及未来美联储的政策路径,浙商证券首席经济学家李超提出要关注三个方面。一是未来的加息节奏。本次议息会议声明及鲍威尔会后声明中均在强调加息进程尚未结束,并且仍可能有一次以上的加息。
二是年内是否降息。“我们认为相对弹性的表述并未彻底锁死年内降息的可能性。”李超直言,鲍威尔给予了政策充分的弹性空间,提到“如果经济表现符合预期,则降息是不合适的”,但如果“通胀下行速度快于预期,也会在评估政策时重新考虑。”
三是金融环境变化。李超提到,去年10月底以来美股反弹、美债利率回落金融条件有所改善,也一定程度上反映了机构的远期宽松预期,鲍威尔对此并未进行明确“反驳”。
明明说,我们仍维持此轮美联储或于今年一季度停止加息(即最后一次加息时点为今年一季度),加息终点或为5%左右的判断。
他进一步称,实质上美联储降息与美国通胀下行速度以及经济全面恶化时点,尤其是与劳动力市场密切相关,考虑到通胀下行速度存在不及预期的可能性,降息预计将由美国经济进一步恶化触发。“由于今年美国经济仍存在较高的衰退概率,因而实质上我们认为美联储较难避免在2023年进行降息。”
李超还提到,虽然美联储当前态度中性,但也应关注欧洲潜在的金融稳定压力,一旦欧债风险开始发酵可能成为当前美联储决策框架外的超预期冲击因素并影响加息节奏,政策存在加速转向的可能。(完)
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.